Architects, historians and scientists discussed measures to preserve Cổ Loa—Hà Nội’s oldest citadel—and promote its cultural and historical value at a conference in Hà Nội last weekend.
Cổ Loa Citadel is a unique 2,300-year-old relic of Việt Nam. — Photo thegioidisan.vn
Hosted by Tia Sáng Magazine, the “Cổ Loa: From Core Values to Preservation and Development” conference was held because the relic site faces encroachment and damage despite the city’s efforts to protect the citadel, which is also one of the oldest relics of Việt Nam. The conference gathered many renowned Vietnamese experts as well as members of heritage management boards.
With its unique historical, architectural and archeological value, the citadel has been recognised as a national relic since 1962 and as special national relic since 2012.
Before 1995, Cổ Loa Citadel was managed by local authorities before being handed over to several management boards. It was not until 2014 that the management board of the citadel was officially established as a unit under the Thăng Long- Hà Nội Preservation Centre.
A master plan on the preservation and restoration of Cổ Loa Citadel in Hà Nội to develop the site into a historical and ecological park was approved in 2015 by then-Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng.
According to the Cổ Loa Citadel management board, the relic is now under serious encroachment due to the low awareness of locals. For example, they cultivate crops even on the city wall, raise fish in the dyke and have even been granted land ownership. Some parts of the citadel have become roads. Many components of the relic with special archeological values have nearly been vanished due to the expansion of nearby residential buildings.
However, the functions of the management board include inspecting, discovering and reporting violations but not penalizing violators; however, most of their reports to the local authorities have not received any responses yet.
According to Lê Việt Dũng, the deputy chief of the Cổ Loa Citadel Management board, they are granted permission to manage the core of the relic, including the Inner Citadel, An Dương Vương King Temple or Ngọc Well, as well as several lands nearby their head office, covering a total area of four hectares. Meanwhile, the other parts of the relic, which is nearly 900 hectares, and three rounds of the earth walls are under control of the local authorities and citizens who consider them as normal land, not a relic.
Professor Nguyễn Văn Huy judged that with proper vision and investment, the citadel would become one of the most attractive destinations to tourists of the capital, largely due to the associated historical stories and well-preserved natural surroundings. However, such tourism potential faces the risk of encroachment amid rapid urbanization and people’s demand to improve their lives, he said.
He also mentioned the emerging problems of the relic’s poorly defined borders, as well as its direct managers and their duties. “The management lacks unification, synchronization and concentration,” he added.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) have issued guidance on tourism management within heritage sites, which have clarified that every sustainable tourism programme demands the involvement of the beneficiaries or concerned organisations. The “awakening” of the heritage therefore requires state policies and enterprises’ investment.
According to Trần Thị Thu Thủy from the Cultural Department of UNESCO, encouraging the community’s involvement demands building trust. “The local authority must publicise all the information about the policies of development, interact with the locals and ensure their commitment,” she said.
PhD Nguyễn Thị Hậu, deputy general secretary of the Việt Nam History Association, also stressed the importance of community input. She suggested that the preservation with community involvement should originate at the grassroots level to ensure sustainability, because only the community, individuals and social organisations are capable of preserving the heritage and helping the heritage co-exist with the community. This strategy has proved effective in many heritages worldwide like Angkor Wat temple complex in Cambodia
“We are preserving the heritage with a ‘downwards’ point of view. Viewed from above, only economic or political benefits can be seen, not the locals’ needs. If viewing from the locals’ position, the authority will understand their problems and simultaneously help them realise what they need to do to preserve the relics, to develop tourism and how they will benefit, she stressed.
Reckoning that it’s better late than never, Professor Huy added that in order to promote the values of Cổ Loa Citadel, the leaders of Hà Nội City need to renovate their viewpoint and prioritise boosting the relic to become the most highlighted attraction of the capital.
Cổ Loa Citadel was built near Phong Khê, about 20 km to the north of today’s Hà Nội, during the end of the Hồng Bàng Dynasty (about 257 BC).
Covering nearly 500ha, the citadel is a place of worship for King An Dương Vương and Princess Mỵ Châu, who are mentioned in the magic crossbow legend that has been woven into the history of Vietnamese people.
According to folklore, An Dương Vương founded the ancient Vietnamese state of Âu Lạc and chose Cổ Loa as the capital city. — VNS
